Cetaphil Face Serum - Reduces Dark Spots & Evens Skin Tone, Fragrance-Free, 1oz

Water is a clear, colorless liquid essential for various biological processes. It serves as a solvent in formulations, facilitating the dissolution of other ingredients and enhancing product texture and application. Additionally, water plays a crucial role in hydration and is a key component in many cosmetic and personal care products.

Sodium hydroxide is a highly caustic and reactive inorganic compound commonly used as a pH adjuster in various products. It is effective in neutralizing acids and plays a role in the production of soaps and detergents.

Vegetarian glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid derived from plant sources. It is primarily used as a humectant, solvent, and emollient in various personal care products, helping to retain moisture and improve texture.

Dimethicone, also known as polymethylsiloxane, is a silicone-based polymer commonly used in personal care products for its smooth application and skin conditioning properties. It acts primarily as an emollient, providing a silky feel while forming a protective barrier on the skin.

Tridecane is a straight-chain hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C13H28, primarily used as a solvent and in formulations for its emollient properties. It is often found in cosmetic and personal care products, contributing to their texture and stability.

Ethyl ascorbic acid is a stable derivative of vitamin C, commonly used in cosmetic formulations for its antioxidant properties. It functions primarily as a skin-brightening agent and is often included for its potential to improve skin texture and reduce the appearance of pigmentation. It is recognized for its solubility in oil and water.

Xylitol is a sugar alcohol used primarily as a sweetener. It is commonly found in oral care products and food items, offering a sweetening effect similar to sugar but with fewer calories. It serves as a humectant and can contribute to dental health by reducing the risk of cavities.

Xylitylglucoside is a sugar-based ingredient commonly used in cosmetic formulations for its moisturizing properties. It functions primarily as a humectant, helping to retain moisture in the skin, thereby enhancing the overall texture and hydration of products. It is derived from natural sources and is often included in formulations aimed at improving skin feel.

Anhydroxylitol is a sugar alcohol derived from glucose, commonly used in cosmetic formulations. It primarily functions as a humectant, helping to retain moisture in products, thereby enhancing skin hydration. It is recognized for its role in improving the texture and feel of cosmetic products.

Niacinamide, also known as nicotinamide, is a form of vitamin B3 (niacin) that serves various functions in skincare and cosmetic products. It is often used for its potential benefits in improving skin texture, enhancing moisture retention, and supporting the skin's barrier function.

Calcium aluminum borosilicate is a glass-type ingredient commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products for its textural properties, enhancing product stability and providing a shimmering effect. It is often utilized as a bulking agent or filler in formulations.

Sodium polyacryloyldimethyl taurate is a polymer primarily used as a thickening and stabilizing agent in cosmetic formulations. It enhances texture and improves the sensory feel of products, making it suitable for various applications in skincare and haircare.

Hydrolyzed hyaluronic acid is a derivative of hyaluronic acid, a naturally occurring substance in the body, commonly used in skincare products for its moisturizing properties. It has a lower molecular weight, allowing for better skin penetration and hydration.

Phenoxyethanol is a preservative used in cosmetics and personal care products to prevent microbial growth and extend shelf life. It is commonly found in formulations such as lotions, creams, and serums.

Tocopherol, specifically d-alpha tocopherol, is a naturally occurring form of Vitamin E. It is commonly used in cosmetic and personal care products primarily for its antioxidant properties, helping to protect formulations from oxidation and extend shelf life.

Acetyl Glycyl Beta Alanine is an amino acid derivative primarily used in cosmetics and personal care products for its potential skin conditioning properties. It functions as a humectant, helping to retain moisture in the skin and improve texture.

Titanium dioxide is an inorganic compound used primarily as a pigment due to its brightness and high refractive index. It is commonly found in products such as paints, coatings, plastics, and cosmetics, providing color and opacity.

Helianthus annuus (sunflower) seed is derived from the seeds of the sunflower plant and is commonly used in various cosmetic and personal care products. It serves primarily as an emollient and skin conditioning agent, providing moisture and enhancing the texture of formulations.

Undecane is a straight-chain aliphatic hydrocarbon with 11 carbon atoms. It primarily functions as a solvent and a fragrance ingredient in various products. It is used in personal care formulations for its ability to dissolve other compounds and enhance product stability without imparting significant olfactory characteristics.

Xanthan gum is a polysaccharide, a sugar-based compound produced by the fermentation of glucose or sucrose. It is commonly used as a thickening agent and stabilizer in various food and cosmetic products due to its ability to improve texture and prevent ingredient separation.

Tin oxide is an inorganic compound often used in various products for its properties such as opacity and ability to enhance stability. It is commonly utilized in cosmetics and coatings, functioning as an opacifier and a pigment.