Pai Skincare Face Serum - Calms Redness, Strengthens Skin Barrier, Vegan - 1 fl oz

Tocopherol, specifically d-alpha tocopherol, is a naturally occurring form of Vitamin E. It is commonly used in cosmetic and personal care products primarily for its antioxidant properties, helping to protect formulations from oxidation and extend shelf life.

Sand is loose, granular particles of worn or disintegrated rock, primarily composed of silica. It is commonly used as an abrasive, filler, or in construction and landscaping for its structural properties.

Citrus aurantium dulcis (orange) fruit water is derived from the fruit of the orange tree. It is primarily used in cosmetic formulations for its hydrating and refreshing properties. The ingredient is known for its pleasant scent and is often included in skincare and personal care products.

Pullulan is a polysaccharide produced from starch through fermentation. It acts as a film-forming agent, thickener, and stabilizer in cosmetic formulations, providing texture and enhancing product stability.

Glycolipids are mixed substances composed of sugar and lipid molecules. They serve various functions in products, including acting as surfactants, emulsifiers, and skin-conditioning agents, contributing to the texture and stability of formulations.

Sodium acetylhyaluronate is a sodium salt derivative of hyaluronic acid, commonly used in cosmetic formulations for its hydrating properties. It functions primarily as a humectant, attracting moisture to the skin and helping to maintain hydration levels in various personal care products.

Xanthan gum is a polysaccharide, a sugar-based compound produced by the fermentation of glucose or sucrose. It is commonly used as a thickening agent and stabilizer in various food and cosmetic products due to its ability to improve texture and prevent ingredient separation.

Carthamus tinctorius (safflower) seed oil is derived from the seeds of the safflower plant. It is primarily used in cosmetic formulations for its emollient properties, helping to moisturize and soften the skin. The oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids and is often employed in skin care products for its potential benefits to skin health.

Water is a clear, colorless liquid essential for various biological processes. It serves as a solvent in formulations, facilitating the dissolution of other ingredients and enhancing product texture and application. Additionally, water plays a crucial role in hydration and is a key component in many cosmetic and personal care products.

Avena sativa (oat) kernel oil is a fixed oil extracted from the seeds of the oat plant. It is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its moisturizing and nourishing properties, enhancing product texture and stability.

Lactic acid is an organic acid commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products as an exfoliant and pH regulator. It helps in improving skin texture and hydration by promoting the shedding of dead skin cells and enhancing moisture retention.

Sodium anisate is the sodium salt of p-anisic acid, commonly used as a preservative in various cosmetic and personal care products. It is recognized for its antimicrobial properties, which help to extend the shelf life of products by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi.

Sodium levulinate is the sodium salt of levulinic acid, primarily used as a preservative and antimicrobial agent in cosmetic and personal care products. It functions effectively in formulations to extend shelf life and prevent microbial growth.

Lactobacillus ferment is an extract of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus, commonly used in cosmetic and personal care products for its potential skin health benefits. It is known for its role in fermentation processes, contributing to the formulation's efficacy as a skin conditioning agent.

Glycosphingolipids are a class of sphingolipids that are comprised of a sphingosine backbone, fatty acids, and carbohydrate moieties. They are primarily found in cell membranes and play significant roles in cellular signaling and recognition processes. Glycosphingolipids are often utilized in various cosmetic and personal care products for their skin-conditioning properties.

Sodium dehydroacetate is an antimicrobial ingredient commonly used in cosmetic and personal care products to prevent microbial growth and extend shelf life. It is a sodium salt of dehydroacetic acid and is often included in formulations to enhance product stability and safety.

Lysolecithin is a product obtained from the acid hydrolysis of lecithin, primarily used as an emulsifier and stabilizing agent in cosmetic formulations. It helps to blend oil and water-based ingredients, enhancing product texture and consistency.

Caprylic triglyceride is an ester derived from coconut oil and glycerin, commonly used in cosmetic formulations as an emollient, stabilizer, and skin-conditioning agent. It helps to improve the texture and spreadability of products while providing a lightweight, non-greasy feel.

Maltodextrin is a saccharide material obtained from starch through partial hydrolysis. It is commonly used as a thickener, filler, or preservative in food and cosmetic products due to its ability to enhance texture and stability.

Sclerotium gum is a polysaccharide gum produced by the fermentation of certain fungi. It serves primarily as a thickening, stabilizing, and gelling agent in various cosmetic formulations, contributing to texture and consistency.

Ophiopogon japonicus root extract is an extract derived from the roots of the Ophiopogon japonicus plant, commonly used in cosmetic and personal care products for its soothing and moisturizing properties. It is often included in formulations aimed at enhancing skin hydration and overall skin health.

Vegetarian glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid derived from plant sources. It is primarily used as a humectant, solvent, and emollient in various personal care products, helping to retain moisture and improve texture.