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Citrus Aurantium Bergamia (Bergamot) Fruit Oil
High RiskCitrus aurantium bergamia (bergamot) fruit oil is a volatile oil extracted from the fruit of the bergamot orange. It is commonly used in various cosmetic and fragrance products for its aromatic properties.
Sustai Insights
Bergamot oil serves as a fragrant compound with potential benefits in aromatherapy and personal care formulations. However, it is associated with high allergenic potential, with risks of skin irritation and phototoxicity. Regulatory agencies have noted usage restrictions due to these concerns. While the oil is not classified as a carcinogen, it presents moderate risks overall. Caution is advised for sensitive populations, and safer alternatives like sweet orange oil may be considered.
Pelargonium Graveolens (Geranium) Flower Oil
High RiskPelargonium graveolens (geranium) flower oil is a volatile essential oil extracted from the leaves and stems of the Pelargonium graveolens plant. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its fragrance and potential skin benefits. This oil is characterized by its floral scent and is often included in formulations for aromatherapy, skincare, and personal care products.
Sustai Insights
Pelargonium graveolens flower oil offers functional benefits such as fragrance enhancement in cosmetic formulations. However, it has a high allergenic potential, posing risks of skin irritation and sensitization. Environmental concerns include its potential as a pollutant, though it is not bioaccumulative. Regulatory bodies do not currently restrict its use, but safety assessments are essential due to its allergenic properties. Overall, the ingredient carries a high risk level, necessitating cautious use, especially for sensitive populations. Alternatives such as synthetic fragrance compounds may mitigate allergenic risks.
Thuja Occidentalis (Arborvitae) Leaf Oil
High RiskThuja occidentalis (arborvitae) leaf oil is a volatile oil extracted from the leaves of the Thuja occidentalis tree. It is commonly used in products for its aromatic properties and potential antimicrobial effects. The oil has a unique composition that contributes to its distinct scent and functional characteristics.
Sustai Insights
Thuja occidentalis leaf oil offers functional benefits such as antimicrobial properties and pleasant fragrance. However, it is associated with high use restrictions due to potential health risks, including irritation and sensitivity in some individuals. While it is not classified as a carcinogen or allergenic, regulatory agencies impose restrictions on its use. Environmental concerns include its pollutant potential. Overall, the ingredient carries a high risk level, and safer alternatives should be considered for sensitive applications.
Stearalkonium Chloride
High RiskStearalkonium chloride is a quaternary ammonium compound commonly used as a conditioning agent in hair and skin care products. It functions primarily as an emulsifier and surfactant, helping to improve product texture and enhance moisture retention.
Sustai Insights
Stearalkonium chloride offers functional benefits as a conditioning agent and emulsifier. However, it carries a high concern for allergies and immunotoxicity, with restrictions noted in some regulatory frameworks. Potential health risks include skin irritation and respiratory issues, while environmental risks relate to its pollutant potential. Regulatory agencies have raised warnings about its use, leading to an overall high-risk assessment. Users should consider safer alternatives, especially in sensitive applications.
Juniperus Virginiana (Virginia Red Cedar) Oil
High RiskJuniperus virginiana oil is a volatile oil obtained from the Virginia red cedar tree. It is commonly used for its aromatic properties and may serve various functions in personal care products, such as providing fragrance or acting as a natural preservative.
Sustai Insights
Juniperus virginiana oil offers functional benefits as a natural fragrance and preservative; however, it carries a high potential for allergic reactions and immunotoxicity. Although it poses low risks for cancer and developmental toxicity, environmental concerns include its pollutant potential. Regulatory bodies, including the EU Cosmetics Directive and Environment Canada, do not currently impose significant restrictions. Overall, the risk associated with this ingredient is assessed as high, warranting caution in its use.
Juniperus Virginiana (Virginia Red Cedar) Oil
High RiskJuniperus virginiana oil is a volatile oil obtained from the Virginia red cedar tree. It is commonly used for its aromatic properties and may serve various functions in personal care products, such as providing fragrance or acting as a natural preservative.
Sustai Insights
Juniperus virginiana oil offers functional benefits as a natural fragrance and preservative; however, it carries a high potential for allergic reactions and immunotoxicity. Although it poses low risks for cancer and developmental toxicity, environmental concerns include its pollutant potential. Regulatory bodies, including the EU Cosmetics Directive and Environment Canada, do not currently impose significant restrictions. Overall, the risk associated with this ingredient is assessed as high, warranting caution in its use.
Pogostemon Cablin (Patchouli) Oil
High RiskPogostemon cablin (patchouli) oil is a volatile oil obtained from the leaves of the patchouli plant. It is commonly used in cosmetic formulations for its fragrance and potential skin benefits.
Sustai Insights
Pogostemon cablin oil offers functional benefits as a fragrance and potential antimicrobial agent. However, it is associated with a high risk of allergenic reactions and may cause skin irritation. Regulatory agencies have noted restrictions on its use in certain products. Environmentally, it poses risks as a potential pollutant. Overall, the ingredient is assessed to have a high risk level, and caution is advised in its use, with consideration for alternatives that may be safer or more sustainable.
Linalool
High RiskLinalool is a terpene commonly found in various plants, particularly in lavender and mint. It is primarily used in products for its fragrance and potential antimicrobial properties. Linalool is also utilized in formulations for its ability to enhance the sensory experience of personal care and household products.
Sustai Insights
Linalool offers functional benefits as a naturally occurring fragrance component and may exhibit antimicrobial properties. However, it presents high allergenic potential, with concerns about skin irritation and sensitization. Environmental risks include contamination issues, though it is not classified as a persistent pollutant. Regulatory bodies have noted the need for careful handling due to its allergenic nature. Overall, despite some beneficial attributes, the ingredient carries a high risk profile, warranting cautious use and consideration of safer alternatives.
Fragrance
High RiskFragrance refers to a mixture of aromatic compounds used in products to provide scent. It is commonly listed as 'fragrance' or 'parfum' on product labels and can serve various functions, including enhancing user experience and masking undesirable odors.
Sustai Insights
Fragrance offers functional benefits by improving product appeal; however, it poses significant health risks, notably a high likelihood of causing allergies and allergic contact dermatitis. Environmental risks include potential pollution and endocrine disruption, though its overall carcinogenicity is low. Regulatory bodies have noted concerns regarding its use, leading to a high-risk classification. Safe usage practices should be observed, and alternatives such as natural essential oils are recommended for those sensitive to synthetic fragrances.
Arachidyl Glucoside
Medium RiskArachidyl glucoside is a product obtained by the glycosylation of arachidyl alcohol, commonly used as an emulsifier and surfactant in cosmetic formulations. It helps to stabilize and enhance the texture of products, improving spreadability and skin feel.
Sustai Insights
Arachidyl glucoside offers functional benefits as an emulsifier in formulations, enhancing product stability. It is considered to have low health risks related to cancer, allergies, and reproductive toxicity. However, concerns about endocrine disruption have been noted, warranting cautious use. Environmentally, it poses low bioaccumulation risk and is not classified as a significant pollutant. Regulatory assessments indicate no major restrictions. Overall, the risk level is categorized as medium, suggesting careful consideration in formulation and use, with potential alternatives available for enhanced safety.
Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Peel Oil
Medium RiskCitrus aurantium dulcis (orange) peel oil is derived from the peel of oranges and is commonly used in cosmetic and personal care products for its fragrance and potential skin benefits. It is known for its aromatic properties and is often included in formulations aimed at enhancing scent profiles.
Sustai Insights
Citrus aurantium dulcis (orange) peel oil offers functional benefits such as providing a pleasant scent and potential antimicrobial properties. However, it poses a high allergy risk and may cause skin irritation in sensitive individuals. Environmental concerns include moderate persistence and potential to contribute to pollution. Regulatory warnings indicate restrictions on use in certain products. Overall, the risk level is assessed as medium, and users are advised to practice caution, particularly those with known allergies. Alternatives like sweet orange essential oil may provide similar benefits with potentially lower risks.
Arnica Montana (Arnica) Flower Extract
Medium RiskArnica montana flower extract is derived from the dried flowers of the arnica plant, commonly used in topical formulations for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It is often included in products aimed at alleviating pain and bruising.
Sustai Insights
Arnica montana flower extract offers functional benefits as a natural anti-inflammatory and pain relief agent, with sustainable sourcing possibilities. However, it poses moderate allergenic risks and can cause skin irritation in sensitive individuals. Regulatory bodies, including the FDA, do not currently restrict its use, indicating a low overall risk for carcinogenicity and reproductive toxicity. Safe usage practices should be followed to minimize adverse effects, and alternatives such as calendula extract may be considered for similar benefits. Overall, the risk level associated with arnica montana extract is assessed as medium.
Citrus Limon (Lemon) Peel Oil
Medium RiskCitrus limon (lemon) peel oil is an essential oil derived from the peel of lemons, commonly used for its aromatic properties and as a natural flavoring agent. It is often included in personal care products for its fragrance and potential antimicrobial properties.
Sustai Insights
Citrus limon (lemon) peel oil offers functional benefits as a natural fragrance and may possess antimicrobial properties, contributing to product stability. However, it is associated with a high allergenic potential, moderate use restrictions, and has been noted for its persistence in the environment. Regulatory warnings indicate restrictions on verified products due to potential irritation and sensitization. The overall risk level is medium, and safe usage practices should be observed to mitigate exposure risks. Alternatives include safer fragrance options or essential oils with lower allergenic profiles.
Cinnamidopropyltrimonium Chloride
Medium RiskCinnamidopropyltrimonium chloride is a quaternary ammonium compound primarily used as a conditioning agent in hair and skin care products. It functions as a surfactant and antimicrobial agent, contributing to product stability and effectiveness.
Sustai Insights
Cinnamidopropyltrimonium chloride offers functional benefits as a conditioning agent and has low toxicity levels, making it suitable for various cosmetic applications. However, it poses potential health risks, including low levels of allergens and neurotoxicity. Environmentally, it does not significantly contribute to pollution or bioaccumulation. Regulatory agencies have set no critical advisories against it, and overall risk levels are assessed as medium. Safe usage practices should be followed, and alternatives such as plant-based conditioning agents could be considered.
Phenylpropanol
Medium RiskPhenylpropanol is an organic compound commonly used in cosmetic formulations as a fragrance component and preservative. It serves to enhance product scent and stability while offering antimicrobial properties that help to prolong shelf life.
Sustai Insights
Phenylpropanol provides functional benefits such as effective preservation and scent enhancement in cosmetic products. However, it poses moderate health risks, including potential allergenic reactions, while being assessed as low risk for carcinogenicity and developmental toxicity. Environmental concerns include its classification as a pollutant, though it is not bioaccumulative. Regulatory bodies have not imposed significant restrictions, but safe use practices should be adhered to. Overall, it presents a medium risk profile, warranting consideration of safer alternatives where available.
Eucalyptus Globulus (Eucalyptus) Leaf Oil
Medium RiskEucalyptus globulus leaf oil is a volatile oil derived from the leaves of the eucalyptus tree, primarily used for its aromatic properties and as a potential antimicrobial agent in various products.
Sustai Insights
Eucalyptus globulus leaf oil offers functional benefits like fragrance and potential antimicrobial properties, supporting product efficacy. However, it presents high allergenic potential and moderate irritation concerns, which may pose health risks. Environmental risks include possible pollution and bioaccumulation. Regulatory restrictions are in place regarding its use in certain products. Overall, the risk level is medium, necessitating caution in usage and consideration of alternatives like tea tree oil or peppermint oil.
Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Oil
Medium RiskRosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) leaf oil is extracted from the leaves of the rosemary plant. It is commonly used in cosmetic and personal care products for its aromatic properties and potential preservative benefits due to its antioxidant content.
Sustai Insights
Rosemary leaf oil offers functional benefits such as antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, which can enhance product stability. It is derived from a renewable source and is biodegradable. However, it presents moderate risks of allergic reactions and skin irritation, particularly with enhanced skin absorption. Regulatory bodies have noted restrictions on its usage in specific concentrations. The overall risk level is assessed as medium. Users are advised to follow safe usage practices and may consider alternatives like tocopherols or other natural preservatives.
Litsea Cubeba (May Chang) Oil
Medium RiskLitsea cubeba (May Chang) oil is a volatile oil derived from the fruit of the Litsea cubeba plant, commonly used for its aromatic properties and as a natural fragrance in cosmetic and personal care products.
Sustai Insights
Litsea cubeba oil offers functional benefits, primarily as a natural fragrance and potential antimicrobial agent. It is sustainably sourced and biodegradable. However, it poses moderate allergy risks and may cause skin irritation in sensitive individuals. Environmental concerns include potential pollutant effects and bioaccumulation. Regulatory bodies have noted restrictions on its use in specific products. Overall, the risk associated with Litsea cubeba oil is assessed as medium, necessitating cautious usage and consideration of safer alternatives when possible.
Citrus Aurantifolia (Lime) Oil
Medium RiskCitrus aurantifolia (lime) oil is a volatile oil extracted from the fruit of the lime tree, primarily used for its aromatic properties and as a flavoring agent. It serves functional roles in various products, including personal care and food items.
Sustai Insights
Citrus aurantifolia (lime) oil offers functional benefits such as fragrance and possible antimicrobial effects, and is biodegradable, contributing to sustainability. However, it carries a high allergenic potential, moderate usage restrictions, and may cause skin irritation. Environmental concerns include its persistence and bioaccumulation risk. Regulatory bodies have placed restrictions on its use, indicating a moderate risk level overall. Safe usage practices are recommended, and alternatives like other essential oils or synthetic fragrances may be considered for those with sensitivities.
Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Extract
Medium RiskRosemary leaf extract is produced from the leaves of the Rosmarinus officinalis plant. It is commonly used in cosmetic formulations for its potential antioxidant properties and fragrance. The extract may also contribute to the preservation of products due to its antimicrobial characteristics.
Sustai Insights
Rosemary leaf extract offers functional benefits such as antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, which can enhance product stability and shelf-life. It is generally considered low risk for carcinogenicity and reproductive toxicity, but it carries a moderate potential for allergic reactions. Environmentally, it poses low risk with no significant pollutant or bioaccumulation concerns. Regulatory bodies have not placed significant restrictions on its use, although some verified products cannot contain certain concentrations. Overall, the ingredient's risk level is medium, necessitating careful usage practices to mitigate allergic responses.
Glycerin
Medium RiskGlycerin (also called glycerol) is a naturally occurring compound commonly used in personal care and cosmetic products. It functions as a humectant, attracting moisture to the skin, and is also utilized as a solvent and emollient to enhance product texture and stability.
Sustai Insights
Glycerin is valued for its effective moisturizing properties and biodegradability, making it a widely accepted ingredient in formulations. It poses low health risks, including low concerns for carcinogenicity and allergies. However, moderate use restrictions exist due to regulatory guidelines. While glycerin does not significantly contribute to environmental pollution, its production process should be ethically sourced. Overall, glycerin holds a medium risk level, emphasizing the importance of safe usage practices and considering sustainable alternatives.
Limonene
Medium RiskLimonene is a scent ingredient and solvent naturally found in citrus fruits, commonly used in personal care and cleaning products for its fragrant properties. It serves as a flavoring agent and enhances the overall sensory experience of products.
Sustai Insights
Limonene offers functional benefits such as acting as a solvent and fragrance enhancer. However, it carries a high allergenic potential, which can trigger skin or respiratory sensitivities in some individuals. Environmental concerns include moderate persistence and bioaccumulation, along with potential ecotoxicity. Regulatory restrictions necessitate verification in products containing this ingredient. Overall, the risk level is assessed as medium, emphasizing the importance of cautious use, particularly for sensitive populations. Safer alternatives may be considered to mitigate these risks.
Olea Europaea (Olive) Leaf Extract
Low RiskOlea europaea (olive) leaf extract is an extract derived from the leaves of the olive tree, primarily known for its antioxidant properties. It is used in various cosmetic and personal care products for its potential skin benefits, including moisturizing and soothing effects.
Sustai Insights
Olea europaea (olive) leaf extract offers functional benefits such as antioxidant properties and skin-soothing effects, making it valuable in skincare formulations. It is generally recognized as safe with low concerns regarding carcinogenicity, allergies, and reproductive toxicity. Environmental risks are minimal, and it is not associated with significant pollution or bioaccumulation. Regulatory bodies have not issued warnings, supporting its low-risk classification. Safe usage practices include limiting concentration levels to enhance efficacy while minimizing irritation. Alternatives to consider may include other plant extracts with similar benefits, but overall, the ingredient is assessed to be low risk.
Polyquaternium 10
Low RiskPolyquaternium-10 is a synthetic polymer used primarily as a conditioning agent in cosmetic products. It enhances the texture and feel of hair and skin, providing moisture retention and improved manageability. This ingredient is known for its film-forming properties, which can help reduce frizz and static.
Sustai Insights
Polyquaternium-10 offers functional benefits in enhancing moisture retention and improving product texture. It is considered to have low health risks, with minimal concerns regarding carcinogenicity, allergenic potential, and neurotoxicity. Environmentally, it poses low ecotoxicity and is not known to bioaccumulate. Regulatory assessments indicate no significant restrictions, categorizing it as low risk overall. For safe use, it is recommended to follow product guidelines. Alternatives include natural conditioning agents like guar gum or xanthan gum for those seeking plant-based options.
Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate
Low RiskLeuconostoc/radish root ferment filtrate is a natural fermentation product derived from radish roots, commonly used in skincare for its potential preservative properties and skin-conditioning benefits. It functions by harnessing the metabolic activity of Leuconostoc bacteria to provide a source of beneficial compounds.
Sustai Insights
This ingredient offers functional benefits, primarily as a preservative and skin-conditioning agent, while being biodegradable and sustainably sourced. Health risks are generally low, with no significant concerns regarding carcinogenicity or allergies, though contamination concerns exist. Environmentally, it poses minimal risks, categorized as low overall risk based on current scientific consensus. Safe usage practices are advised, and alternatives may include other natural preservatives like tocopherol or rosemary extract.
Pisum Sativum (Pea) Extract
Low RiskPisum sativum (pea) extract is derived from the seeds of the pea plant and is commonly used in cosmetic and personal care products for its moisturizing and conditioning properties. It is recognized for its potential to enhance skin hydration and improve texture.
Sustai Insights
Pisum sativum extract offers functional benefits such as skin conditioning and hydration. It is generally regarded as safe, with low concerns regarding carcinogenicity, allergies, and reproductive toxicity. Its environmental impact is minimal, and it is not classified as a pollutant or bioaccumulative. Regulatory bodies do not impose restrictions on its use. Overall, it presents a low risk profile, with no significant health or environmental hazards identified, making it a suitable ingredient in cosmetic formulations.
Behenyl Alcohol
Low RiskBehensyl alcohol is a saturated fatty alcohol obtained from the seeds of the Ben oil plant. It is primarily used as an emollient, emulsifier, and thickening agent in various cosmetic and personal care formulations.
Sustai Insights
Behensyl alcohol offers functional benefits such as improving product texture and stability. It is considered to have low health risks, with minimal concerns regarding carcinogenicity, allergies, and reproductive toxicity. Environmentally, it poses low risks as a pollutant and is not bioaccumulative. Regulatory bodies have not issued significant warnings. Overall, it is assessed to have a low risk profile. Safe usage involves adhering to recommended concentrations, and potential alternatives include other fatty alcohols that may provide similar benefits.
Acyl Coenzyme A Desaturase
Low RiskAcyl coenzyme A desaturase is an enzyme involved in the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids by introducing double bonds into saturated fatty acyl-CoA substrates. This enzyme plays a crucial role in lipid metabolism and is important for maintaining membrane fluidity in biological systems.
Sustai Insights
Acyl coenzyme A desaturase facilitates the production of unsaturated fatty acids, which are essential for cell membrane integrity and function. It is considered to have low health risks, including negligible concerns regarding carcinogenicity, allergies, or reproductive toxicity. Environmentally, it does not present significant hazards, being non-pollutant and not bioaccumulative. The ingredient is compliant with regulatory standards and has no current restrictions. Overall, the risk level associated with acyl coenzyme A desaturase is low, making it a stable choice in formulations.
Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Oil
Low RiskLavandula angustifolia (lavender) oil is a volatile oil derived from the flowers of the lavender plant. It is commonly used in cosmetic and personal care products for its fragrance and potential calming properties.
Sustai Insights
Lavender oil offers functional benefits such as providing fragrance and potential relaxation effects. It is biodegradable and often sustainably sourced. Health risks are minimal, with low concerns for carcinogenicity, allergies, or reproductive toxicity; however, there is a low to moderate concern regarding endocrine disruption. Environmental risks are low, with no significant pollutant or bioaccumulation potential noted. Regulatory status is favorable, with no current restrictions. Safe usage practices include avoiding excessive concentrations, especially in sensitive applications. Overall, the risk level associated with lavender oil is assessed as low.
Linum Usitatissimum (Flax) Seed Extract
Low RiskLinum usitatissimum (linseed) seed extract is derived from the seeds of the flax plant and is commonly used in cosmetic and personal care products for its emollient properties. It is known for providing hydration and is often included in formulations aimed at improving skin texture and appearance.
Sustai Insights
Linum usitatissimum seed extract offers functional benefits such as moisturizing and soothing effects on the skin, contributing to enhanced product efficacy. It is sourced sustainably and is biodegradable. Health risks associated with this ingredient are minimal, with low concerns for carcinogenicity, allergies, or reproductive toxicity. Environmental impact is low, with no significant pollutant or bioaccumulation concerns. Regulatory status indicates no restrictions, ensuring safe usage in products. Overall, the risk level of this ingredient is assessed as low, with no notable adverse effects reported.
Propanediol
Low RiskPropanediol is a glycol compound commonly used in cosmetic and personal care products as a solvent, humectant, and skin-conditioning agent. It serves to enhance the texture and moisture retention of formulations, contributing to overall product efficacy.
Sustai Insights
Propanediol offers functional benefits such as effective moisture retention and improved product application. It is considered low-risk in terms of health concerns, with minimal associations with carcinogenicity, allergies, or reproductive toxicity. Environmentally, it has low pollutant potential and is not bioaccumulative. Regulatory bodies have not placed restrictions on its use. Despite concerns regarding enhanced skin absorption and potential endocrine disruption, the overall assessment indicates low risk. Safe usage practices should be followed, and alternatives like glycerin or other plant-based humectants can be considered.
Stearyl Alcohol
Low RiskStearyl alcohol is a compound produced from the hydrogenation of stearic acid, commonly used in cosmetic formulations as an emulsifier and thickening agent. It helps stabilize products by blending oil and water phases, enhancing texture and consistency.
Sustai Insights
Stearyl alcohol provides functional benefits as an emulsifier and stabilizer, contributing to improved product texture. It is generally regarded as safe with low concerns for cancer, allergies, and reproductive toxicity. However, it may cause moderate skin, eye, or respiratory irritation. Regulatory bodies do not impose significant restrictions, indicating a low overall risk. While it poses minimal health and environmental hazards, caution is advised for sensitive individuals. Alternatives like cetyl alcohol or plant-based emulsifiers may offer safer options for formulators.
Panicum Miliaceum (Millet) Seed Extract
Low RiskPanicum miliaceum (millet) seed extract is derived from the seeds of the millet plant. It is commonly used in cosmetic and personal care products for its moisturizing properties and potential to improve skin texture. The extract is known for its nutrient-rich profile, contributing to product formulation stability.
Sustai Insights
Panicum miliaceum (millet) seed extract offers functional benefits such as skin hydration and nutrient delivery, making it a valuable ingredient in cosmetic formulations. It is sustainably sourced and poses low health risks, including minimal concerns for carcinogenicity, allergies, and reproductive toxicity. Environmental risks are also low, with no significant pollutant or bioaccumulation potential identified. Regulatory bodies do not impose restrictions on its use. Overall, the ingredient is assessed to have a low-risk profile, suitable for a wide range of applications. Alternatives for similar benefits include other plant extracts, though millet’s unique properties may not be fully replicated.
Lactobacillus/Solanum Lycopersicum Fruit Ferment Extract
Low RiskLactobacillus/Solanum Lycopersicum fruit ferment extract is a probiotic ingredient derived from the fermentation of tomato fruit by Lactobacillus bacteria. It is commonly used in cosmetic formulations for its potential skin-beneficial properties, including hydration and skin barrier support.
Sustai Insights
This ingredient offers functional benefits such as enhancing skin hydration and supporting the skin's microbiome. It is considered to have low health risks, with no significant concerns regarding carcinogenicity, allergies, or reproductive toxicity. Environmentally, it is not associated with pollution or bioaccumulation. Regulatory assessments show no restrictions, indicating a favorable safety profile. Overall, its risk level is low, making it a suitable choice for cosmetic formulations. Safe usage practices include following product guidelines. Alternatives may include other probiotic sources or ferment extracts, which could also provide similar benefits.
Oryza Sativa (Rice) Extract
Low RiskOryza sativa (rice) extract is an extract of the rice plant, commonly used in cosmetic and personal care products for its moisturizing and soothing properties. It often functions as an emollient, providing hydration to the skin and enhancing the texture of formulations.
Sustai Insights
Oryza sativa (rice) extract offers functional benefits such as skin hydration and texture enhancement. It is generally considered safe, with low concerns for carcinogenicity, allergenic potential, and developmental toxicity. However, contamination concerns have been noted. While the extract poses minimal environmental risks, its production should ensure sustainable practices. Regulatory status indicates it is not restricted. Overall, the risk level is low, making it a viable ingredient in formulations.
Hydroxypropyl Starch Phosphate
Low RiskHydroxypropyl starch phosphate is a modified starch derivative used in cosmetic formulations primarily as a thickening agent and film former. It enhances the texture and stability of products, contributing to a desirable sensory experience without altering the product's fundamental properties.
Sustai Insights
Hydroxypropyl starch phosphate offers functional benefits such as effective thickening and stabilization in cosmetic products. It has low health risks, with minimal concerns regarding carcinogenicity, allergies, or reproductive toxicity. Environmentally, it poses low risks of pollution or bioaccumulation, and it is not subject to significant regulatory restrictions. Overall, the risk level associated with this ingredient is low, making it a suitable option in formulations. Safe usage practices should be followed, and alternatives may include other modified starches or natural thickeners.
Arachidyl Alcohol
Low RiskArachidyl alcohol is a fatty alcohol commonly used in cosmetic formulations as an emollient and thickening agent. It enhances the texture of products and helps to stabilize emulsions, contributing to the overall feel and performance of creams and lotions.
Sustai Insights
Arachidyl alcohol offers functional benefits as a thickener and emollient, enhancing product texture and stability. It is derived from sustainable sources and is generally considered biodegradable. Health risks are low, with minimal concerns regarding carcinogenicity, allergies, or reproductive toxicity. Environmental risks are also low, with no significant pollutant or bioaccumulation potential identified. Regulatory bodies do not impose major restrictions. Overall, this ingredient is assessed to have a low risk profile, making it a safe choice in cosmetic formulations.
Corn Starch, Modified
Low RiskModified corn starch is a calcium salt derived from corn starch, commonly used as a thickening agent or stabilizer in various cosmetic formulations. It enhances product texture and consistency without imparting significant color or odor.
Sustai Insights
Modified corn starch offers functional benefits as a thickener and stabilizer in cosmetic products, with low allergenic potential and minimal health risks, including low concerns for carcinogenicity and reproductive toxicity. Environmental risks appear low, with no significant pollutant potential or bioaccumulation identified. Regulatory status shows no major restrictions, though verified products must ensure compliance. Overall, the ingredient is assessed as low risk, suitable for use in various formulations, with no immediate alternatives necessary.
Sodium Hyaluronate
Low RiskSodium hyaluronate is the sodium salt of hyaluronic acid, a naturally occurring polysaccharide in the body. It functions primarily as a humectant in cosmetic formulations, retaining moisture and enhancing skin hydration, contributing to the overall texture and appearance of products.
Sustai Insights
Sodium hyaluronate offers several functional benefits, including effective moisture retention and skin hydration. It is considered safe with low concerns regarding carcinogenicity, allergies, or reproductive toxicity. Environmentally, it is not classified as a pollutant or bioaccumulative. Regulatory bodies do not impose significant restrictions on its use. Overall, it is assessed as low risk, making it a favorable ingredient in cosmetic formulations.
Magnesium Sulfate
Low RiskMagnesium sulfate (Epsom salt) is an inorganic compound commonly used in various products for its properties as a drying agent, electrolyte, and muscle relaxant. It is often included in bath salts and personal care formulations to provide soothing effects.
Sustai Insights
Magnesium sulfate is effective as a muscle relaxant and is considered biodegradable, making it a sustainable choice. Health risks are minimal, with low concerns for carcinogenicity, allergenic potential, or reproductive toxicity. Environmental risks are also low, as it does not contribute significantly to pollution or bioaccumulation. Regulatory bodies have not issued significant warnings. Overall, the ingredient is assessed as low risk, with safe usage practices recommended, and it has few documented alternatives.
Prunus Amygdalus Dulcis (Sweet Almond) Seed Extract
Low RiskPrunus amygdalus dulcis (sweet almond) seed extract is derived from the seeds of the sweet almond tree. It serves as a moisturizer and emollient in cosmetic formulations, enhancing skin hydration and providing a smooth texture. This ingredient is commonly utilized for its soothing properties and compatibility with various skin types.
Sustai Insights
Sweet almond seed extract is valued for its moisturizing benefits, promoting skin hydration and softness. It is sustainably sourced and biodegradable, contributing positively to environmental considerations. Health risks are low, with minimal concerns regarding carcinogenicity, allergies, or reproductive toxicity. Regulatory assessments indicate no significant restrictions. Overall, it poses low risk to health and the environment, making it a suitable choice in personal care formulations.
Sodium Polyitaconate
Low RiskSodium polyitaconate is a synthetic polymer commonly used in cosmetic and personal care formulations. It serves as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer, contributing to the texture and consistency of products.
Sustai Insights
Sodium polyitaconate offers functional benefits such as effective thickening and stabilization in various formulations while posing low health risks like carcinogenicity, allergenic potential, and immunotoxicity. Environmental risks are minimal, and regulatory bodies have not issued any significant restrictions. Overall, the ingredient presents a low risk, with no major health or environmental concerns, making it a viable option in product formulations. Safe usage practices should be followed, and alternatives are available for those seeking different formulations.
Keratin Amino Acids
Low RiskKeratin amino acids are a mixture of amino acids derived from keratin, a structural protein found in hair, skin, and nails. They function primarily as conditioning agents in cosmetic formulations, enhancing moisture retention and improving hair texture and strength.
Sustai Insights
Keratin amino acids are effective conditioning agents, enhancing moisture retention and improving the texture of hair. They are generally recognized as safe, with low concerns regarding carcinogenicity, allergies, and reproductive toxicity. Environmental impacts are minimal, and regulatory bodies impose no significant restrictions. Overall, the risk associated with keratin amino acids is low, making them a favorable choice in cosmetic formulations. For those seeking alternatives, plant-based proteins can serve similar functions.
Cetearyl Glucoside
Low RiskCetearyl glucoside is a surfactant and emulsifier derived from natural sources, commonly used in cosmetic and personal care products to stabilize formulations and enhance texture. It helps to blend oil and water-based ingredients, improving product consistency and application.
Sustai Insights
Cetearyl glucoside offers functional benefits as an effective emulsifier and surfactant, facilitating product stability. Its sustainability credentials are notable, as it is biodegradable and sourced from renewable materials. Health risks are generally low, with minimal concerns for irritation and allergies. Environmental impacts are also low, posing no significant pollution or bioaccumulation risks. Regulatory status remains positive with no major restrictions reported. Safe usage practices are advised, and alternatives such as plant-derived emulsifiers may be considered. Overall, the risk level associated with cetearyl glucoside is low.
Water
Low RiskWater is a clear, colorless liquid essential for various biological processes. It serves as a solvent in formulations, facilitating the dissolution of other ingredients and enhancing product texture and application. Additionally, water plays a crucial role in hydration and is a key component in many cosmetic and personal care products.
Sustai Insights
Water is an effective solvent and hydrator, contributing to the texture and efficacy of formulations. It is biodegradable and generally regarded as safe, with low concerns regarding carcinogenicity, allergies, and reproductive toxicity. However, excessive water usage can lead to environmental concerns, particularly regarding resource depletion. Regulatory bodies do not impose restrictions on water use in cosmetics. Overall, the risks associated with water are low, making it a safe and essential ingredient.
Panthenol
Low RiskPanthenol, a derivative of vitamin B5, is commonly used in cosmetic formulations for its moisturizing and skin-conditioning properties. It acts as a humectant, helping to retain moisture in the skin and hair, thereby improving hydration and texture.
Sustai Insights
Panthenol offers functional benefits such as effective hydration and skin conditioning, making it valuable in various cosmetic products. It is considered low risk regarding health impacts, with minimal concerns about carcinogenicity, allergies, or reproductive toxicity. Environmental risks are also low, with no significant pollutant or bioaccumulation potential. Regulatory bodies have not imposed restrictions on its use. Safe usage practices include adhering to recommended concentrations. Alternatives like glycerin may provide similar moisturizing benefits, but overall, panthenol is assessed as a low-risk ingredient.
Cetyl Alcohol
Low RiskCetyl alcohol is a long-chain organic alcohol commonly used in cosmetic formulations. It serves as an emollient, emulsifier, and thickening agent, enhancing the texture and stability of products. Cetyl alcohol is derived from natural sources, such as coconut or palm oil, and is often included in creams, lotions, and hair conditioners.
Sustai Insights
Cetyl alcohol offers functional benefits as an emollient and emulsifier, improving product texture and stability. It is biodegradable and sourced from renewable materials, contributing to sustainability. Health risks are minimal, with low concerns for carcinogenicity, allergies, or reproductive toxicity. Environmental impact is also low, with no significant pollutant or bioaccumulation potential. Regulatory bodies have not placed restrictions on its use, indicating a favorable safety profile. Overall, cetyl alcohol is assessed as low risk, and safe usage practices include ensuring proper formulation concentrations.
Caprylyl Glycol
Low RiskCaprylyl glycol (1,2-octanediol) is a multifunctional cosmetic ingredient primarily used as a skin-conditioning agent and preservative. It is derived from caprylic acid, a fatty acid found in coconut oil, and is commonly included in personal care products for its moisturizing properties.
Sustai Insights
Caprylyl glycol offers functional benefits such as acting as an effective humectant and preservative, enhancing skin hydration and product stability. It is considered to have low health risks, with no significant concerns regarding carcinogenicity, allergies, or reproductive toxicity. Environmentally, it poses minimal risks, being non-bioaccumulative and not linked to pollution. Regulatory assessments affirm its safety, with no major advisories against its use. Overall, the ingredient is assessed to have a low risk, making it a suitable choice in cosmetic formulations.
Cetearyl Alcohol
Low RiskCetearyl alcohol is a mixture of cetyl and stearyl alcohol, primarily used as an emulsifier and thickener in cosmetic formulations. It helps stabilize products, improve texture, and enhance moisturizing properties, making it common in creams and lotions.
Sustai Insights
Cetearyl alcohol offers functional benefits as an effective emulsifier and skin-conditioning agent, contributing to product stability and texture. It is generally recognized as safe, with low concerns for carcinogenicity, allergies, or reproductive toxicity. Environmental risks are minimal, as it is biodegradable and has low pollutant potential. Regulatory bodies have not imposed significant restrictions on its use. Overall, cetearyl alcohol is assessed to carry low risk, making it a suitable ingredient choice in cosmetic products.
Citrus Aurantium Bergamia (Bergamot) Fruit Oil
High RiskCitrus aurantium bergamia (bergamot) fruit oil is a volatile oil extracted from the fruit of the bergamot orange. It is commonly used in various cosmetic and fragrance products for its aromatic properties.
Sustai Insights
Bergamot oil serves as a fragrant compound with potential benefits in aromatherapy and personal care formulations. However, it is associated with high allergenic potential, with risks of skin irritation and phototoxicity. Regulatory agencies have noted usage restrictions due to these concerns. While the oil is not classified as a carcinogen, it presents moderate risks overall. Caution is advised for sensitive populations, and safer alternatives like sweet orange oil may be considered.
Olea Europaea (Olive) Leaf Extract
Low RiskOlea europaea (olive) leaf extract is an extract derived from the leaves of the olive tree, primarily known for its antioxidant properties. It is used in various cosmetic and personal care products for its potential skin benefits, including moisturizing and soothing effects.
Sustai Insights
Olea europaea (olive) leaf extract offers functional benefits such as antioxidant properties and skin-soothing effects, making it valuable in skincare formulations. It is generally recognized as safe with low concerns regarding carcinogenicity, allergies, and reproductive toxicity. Environmental risks are minimal, and it is not associated with significant pollution or bioaccumulation. Regulatory bodies have not issued warnings, supporting its low-risk classification. Safe usage practices include limiting concentration levels to enhance efficacy while minimizing irritation. Alternatives to consider may include other plant extracts with similar benefits, but overall, the ingredient is assessed to be low risk.
Polyquaternium 10
Low RiskPolyquaternium-10 is a synthetic polymer used primarily as a conditioning agent in cosmetic products. It enhances the texture and feel of hair and skin, providing moisture retention and improved manageability. This ingredient is known for its film-forming properties, which can help reduce frizz and static.
Sustai Insights
Polyquaternium-10 offers functional benefits in enhancing moisture retention and improving product texture. It is considered to have low health risks, with minimal concerns regarding carcinogenicity, allergenic potential, and neurotoxicity. Environmentally, it poses low ecotoxicity and is not known to bioaccumulate. Regulatory assessments indicate no significant restrictions, categorizing it as low risk overall. For safe use, it is recommended to follow product guidelines. Alternatives include natural conditioning agents like guar gum or xanthan gum for those seeking plant-based options.
Arachidyl Glucoside
Medium RiskArachidyl glucoside is a product obtained by the glycosylation of arachidyl alcohol, commonly used as an emulsifier and surfactant in cosmetic formulations. It helps to stabilize and enhance the texture of products, improving spreadability and skin feel.
Sustai Insights
Arachidyl glucoside offers functional benefits as an emulsifier in formulations, enhancing product stability. It is considered to have low health risks related to cancer, allergies, and reproductive toxicity. However, concerns about endocrine disruption have been noted, warranting cautious use. Environmentally, it poses low bioaccumulation risk and is not classified as a significant pollutant. Regulatory assessments indicate no major restrictions. Overall, the risk level is categorized as medium, suggesting careful consideration in formulation and use, with potential alternatives available for enhanced safety.
Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate
Low RiskLeuconostoc/radish root ferment filtrate is a natural fermentation product derived from radish roots, commonly used in skincare for its potential preservative properties and skin-conditioning benefits. It functions by harnessing the metabolic activity of Leuconostoc bacteria to provide a source of beneficial compounds.
Sustai Insights
This ingredient offers functional benefits, primarily as a preservative and skin-conditioning agent, while being biodegradable and sustainably sourced. Health risks are generally low, with no significant concerns regarding carcinogenicity or allergies, though contamination concerns exist. Environmentally, it poses minimal risks, categorized as low overall risk based on current scientific consensus. Safe usage practices are advised, and alternatives may include other natural preservatives like tocopherol or rosemary extract.
Pisum Sativum (Pea) Extract
Low RiskPisum sativum (pea) extract is derived from the seeds of the pea plant and is commonly used in cosmetic and personal care products for its moisturizing and conditioning properties. It is recognized for its potential to enhance skin hydration and improve texture.
Sustai Insights
Pisum sativum extract offers functional benefits such as skin conditioning and hydration. It is generally regarded as safe, with low concerns regarding carcinogenicity, allergies, and reproductive toxicity. Its environmental impact is minimal, and it is not classified as a pollutant or bioaccumulative. Regulatory bodies do not impose restrictions on its use. Overall, it presents a low risk profile, with no significant health or environmental hazards identified, making it a suitable ingredient in cosmetic formulations.
Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Peel Oil
Medium RiskCitrus aurantium dulcis (orange) peel oil is derived from the peel of oranges and is commonly used in cosmetic and personal care products for its fragrance and potential skin benefits. It is known for its aromatic properties and is often included in formulations aimed at enhancing scent profiles.
Sustai Insights
Citrus aurantium dulcis (orange) peel oil offers functional benefits such as providing a pleasant scent and potential antimicrobial properties. However, it poses a high allergy risk and may cause skin irritation in sensitive individuals. Environmental concerns include moderate persistence and potential to contribute to pollution. Regulatory warnings indicate restrictions on use in certain products. Overall, the risk level is assessed as medium, and users are advised to practice caution, particularly those with known allergies. Alternatives like sweet orange essential oil may provide similar benefits with potentially lower risks.
Pelargonium Graveolens (Geranium) Flower Oil
High RiskPelargonium graveolens (geranium) flower oil is a volatile essential oil extracted from the leaves and stems of the Pelargonium graveolens plant. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its fragrance and potential skin benefits. This oil is characterized by its floral scent and is often included in formulations for aromatherapy, skincare, and personal care products.
Sustai Insights
Pelargonium graveolens flower oil offers functional benefits such as fragrance enhancement in cosmetic formulations. However, it has a high allergenic potential, posing risks of skin irritation and sensitization. Environmental concerns include its potential as a pollutant, though it is not bioaccumulative. Regulatory bodies do not currently restrict its use, but safety assessments are essential due to its allergenic properties. Overall, the ingredient carries a high risk level, necessitating cautious use, especially for sensitive populations. Alternatives such as synthetic fragrance compounds may mitigate allergenic risks.
Behenyl Alcohol
Low RiskBehensyl alcohol is a saturated fatty alcohol obtained from the seeds of the Ben oil plant. It is primarily used as an emollient, emulsifier, and thickening agent in various cosmetic and personal care formulations.
Sustai Insights
Behensyl alcohol offers functional benefits such as improving product texture and stability. It is considered to have low health risks, with minimal concerns regarding carcinogenicity, allergies, and reproductive toxicity. Environmentally, it poses low risks as a pollutant and is not bioaccumulative. Regulatory bodies have not issued significant warnings. Overall, it is assessed to have a low risk profile. Safe usage involves adhering to recommended concentrations, and potential alternatives include other fatty alcohols that may provide similar benefits.
Acyl Coenzyme A Desaturase
Low RiskAcyl coenzyme A desaturase is an enzyme involved in the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids by introducing double bonds into saturated fatty acyl-CoA substrates. This enzyme plays a crucial role in lipid metabolism and is important for maintaining membrane fluidity in biological systems.
Sustai Insights
Acyl coenzyme A desaturase facilitates the production of unsaturated fatty acids, which are essential for cell membrane integrity and function. It is considered to have low health risks, including negligible concerns regarding carcinogenicity, allergies, or reproductive toxicity. Environmentally, it does not present significant hazards, being non-pollutant and not bioaccumulative. The ingredient is compliant with regulatory standards and has no current restrictions. Overall, the risk level associated with acyl coenzyme A desaturase is low, making it a stable choice in formulations.
Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Oil
Low RiskLavandula angustifolia (lavender) oil is a volatile oil derived from the flowers of the lavender plant. It is commonly used in cosmetic and personal care products for its fragrance and potential calming properties.
Sustai Insights
Lavender oil offers functional benefits such as providing fragrance and potential relaxation effects. It is biodegradable and often sustainably sourced. Health risks are minimal, with low concerns for carcinogenicity, allergies, or reproductive toxicity; however, there is a low to moderate concern regarding endocrine disruption. Environmental risks are low, with no significant pollutant or bioaccumulation potential noted. Regulatory status is favorable, with no current restrictions. Safe usage practices include avoiding excessive concentrations, especially in sensitive applications. Overall, the risk level associated with lavender oil is assessed as low.
Linum Usitatissimum (Flax) Seed Extract
Low RiskLinum usitatissimum (linseed) seed extract is derived from the seeds of the flax plant and is commonly used in cosmetic and personal care products for its emollient properties. It is known for providing hydration and is often included in formulations aimed at improving skin texture and appearance.
Sustai Insights
Linum usitatissimum seed extract offers functional benefits such as moisturizing and soothing effects on the skin, contributing to enhanced product efficacy. It is sourced sustainably and is biodegradable. Health risks associated with this ingredient are minimal, with low concerns for carcinogenicity, allergies, or reproductive toxicity. Environmental impact is low, with no significant pollutant or bioaccumulation concerns. Regulatory status indicates no restrictions, ensuring safe usage in products. Overall, the risk level of this ingredient is assessed as low, with no notable adverse effects reported.
Arnica Montana (Arnica) Flower Extract
Medium RiskArnica montana flower extract is derived from the dried flowers of the arnica plant, commonly used in topical formulations for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It is often included in products aimed at alleviating pain and bruising.
Sustai Insights
Arnica montana flower extract offers functional benefits as a natural anti-inflammatory and pain relief agent, with sustainable sourcing possibilities. However, it poses moderate allergenic risks and can cause skin irritation in sensitive individuals. Regulatory bodies, including the FDA, do not currently restrict its use, indicating a low overall risk for carcinogenicity and reproductive toxicity. Safe usage practices should be followed to minimize adverse effects, and alternatives such as calendula extract may be considered for similar benefits. Overall, the risk level associated with arnica montana extract is assessed as medium.
Propanediol
Low RiskPropanediol is a glycol compound commonly used in cosmetic and personal care products as a solvent, humectant, and skin-conditioning agent. It serves to enhance the texture and moisture retention of formulations, contributing to overall product efficacy.
Sustai Insights
Propanediol offers functional benefits such as effective moisture retention and improved product application. It is considered low-risk in terms of health concerns, with minimal associations with carcinogenicity, allergies, or reproductive toxicity. Environmentally, it has low pollutant potential and is not bioaccumulative. Regulatory bodies have not placed restrictions on its use. Despite concerns regarding enhanced skin absorption and potential endocrine disruption, the overall assessment indicates low risk. Safe usage practices should be followed, and alternatives like glycerin or other plant-based humectants can be considered.
Stearyl Alcohol
Low RiskStearyl alcohol is a compound produced from the hydrogenation of stearic acid, commonly used in cosmetic formulations as an emulsifier and thickening agent. It helps stabilize products by blending oil and water phases, enhancing texture and consistency.
Sustai Insights
Stearyl alcohol provides functional benefits as an emulsifier and stabilizer, contributing to improved product texture. It is generally regarded as safe with low concerns for cancer, allergies, and reproductive toxicity. However, it may cause moderate skin, eye, or respiratory irritation. Regulatory bodies do not impose significant restrictions, indicating a low overall risk. While it poses minimal health and environmental hazards, caution is advised for sensitive individuals. Alternatives like cetyl alcohol or plant-based emulsifiers may offer safer options for formulators.
Panicum Miliaceum (Millet) Seed Extract
Low RiskPanicum miliaceum (millet) seed extract is derived from the seeds of the millet plant. It is commonly used in cosmetic and personal care products for its moisturizing properties and potential to improve skin texture. The extract is known for its nutrient-rich profile, contributing to product formulation stability.
Sustai Insights
Panicum miliaceum (millet) seed extract offers functional benefits such as skin hydration and nutrient delivery, making it a valuable ingredient in cosmetic formulations. It is sustainably sourced and poses low health risks, including minimal concerns for carcinogenicity, allergies, and reproductive toxicity. Environmental risks are also low, with no significant pollutant or bioaccumulation potential identified. Regulatory bodies do not impose restrictions on its use. Overall, the ingredient is assessed to have a low-risk profile, suitable for a wide range of applications. Alternatives for similar benefits include other plant extracts, though millet’s unique properties may not be fully replicated.
Thuja Occidentalis (Arborvitae) Leaf Oil
High RiskThuja occidentalis (arborvitae) leaf oil is a volatile oil extracted from the leaves of the Thuja occidentalis tree. It is commonly used in products for its aromatic properties and potential antimicrobial effects. The oil has a unique composition that contributes to its distinct scent and functional characteristics.
Sustai Insights
Thuja occidentalis leaf oil offers functional benefits such as antimicrobial properties and pleasant fragrance. However, it is associated with high use restrictions due to potential health risks, including irritation and sensitivity in some individuals. While it is not classified as a carcinogen or allergenic, regulatory agencies impose restrictions on its use. Environmental concerns include its pollutant potential. Overall, the ingredient carries a high risk level, and safer alternatives should be considered for sensitive applications.
Lactobacillus/Solanum Lycopersicum Fruit Ferment Extract
Low RiskLactobacillus/Solanum Lycopersicum fruit ferment extract is a probiotic ingredient derived from the fermentation of tomato fruit by Lactobacillus bacteria. It is commonly used in cosmetic formulations for its potential skin-beneficial properties, including hydration and skin barrier support.
Sustai Insights
This ingredient offers functional benefits such as enhancing skin hydration and supporting the skin's microbiome. It is considered to have low health risks, with no significant concerns regarding carcinogenicity, allergies, or reproductive toxicity. Environmentally, it is not associated with pollution or bioaccumulation. Regulatory assessments show no restrictions, indicating a favorable safety profile. Overall, its risk level is low, making it a suitable choice for cosmetic formulations. Safe usage practices include following product guidelines. Alternatives may include other probiotic sources or ferment extracts, which could also provide similar benefits.
Oryza Sativa (Rice) Extract
Low RiskOryza sativa (rice) extract is an extract of the rice plant, commonly used in cosmetic and personal care products for its moisturizing and soothing properties. It often functions as an emollient, providing hydration to the skin and enhancing the texture of formulations.
Sustai Insights
Oryza sativa (rice) extract offers functional benefits such as skin hydration and texture enhancement. It is generally considered safe, with low concerns for carcinogenicity, allergenic potential, and developmental toxicity. However, contamination concerns have been noted. While the extract poses minimal environmental risks, its production should ensure sustainable practices. Regulatory status indicates it is not restricted. Overall, the risk level is low, making it a viable ingredient in formulations.
Hydroxypropyl Starch Phosphate
Low RiskHydroxypropyl starch phosphate is a modified starch derivative used in cosmetic formulations primarily as a thickening agent and film former. It enhances the texture and stability of products, contributing to a desirable sensory experience without altering the product's fundamental properties.
Sustai Insights
Hydroxypropyl starch phosphate offers functional benefits such as effective thickening and stabilization in cosmetic products. It has low health risks, with minimal concerns regarding carcinogenicity, allergies, or reproductive toxicity. Environmentally, it poses low risks of pollution or bioaccumulation, and it is not subject to significant regulatory restrictions. Overall, the risk level associated with this ingredient is low, making it a suitable option in formulations. Safe usage practices should be followed, and alternatives may include other modified starches or natural thickeners.
Arachidyl Alcohol
Low RiskArachidyl alcohol is a fatty alcohol commonly used in cosmetic formulations as an emollient and thickening agent. It enhances the texture of products and helps to stabilize emulsions, contributing to the overall feel and performance of creams and lotions.
Sustai Insights
Arachidyl alcohol offers functional benefits as a thickener and emollient, enhancing product texture and stability. It is derived from sustainable sources and is generally considered biodegradable. Health risks are low, with minimal concerns regarding carcinogenicity, allergies, or reproductive toxicity. Environmental risks are also low, with no significant pollutant or bioaccumulation potential identified. Regulatory bodies do not impose major restrictions. Overall, this ingredient is assessed to have a low risk profile, making it a safe choice in cosmetic formulations.
Citrus Limon (Lemon) Peel Oil
Medium RiskCitrus limon (lemon) peel oil is an essential oil derived from the peel of lemons, commonly used for its aromatic properties and as a natural flavoring agent. It is often included in personal care products for its fragrance and potential antimicrobial properties.
Sustai Insights
Citrus limon (lemon) peel oil offers functional benefits as a natural fragrance and may possess antimicrobial properties, contributing to product stability. However, it is associated with a high allergenic potential, moderate use restrictions, and has been noted for its persistence in the environment. Regulatory warnings indicate restrictions on verified products due to potential irritation and sensitization. The overall risk level is medium, and safe usage practices should be observed to mitigate exposure risks. Alternatives include safer fragrance options or essential oils with lower allergenic profiles.
Cinnamidopropyltrimonium Chloride
Medium RiskCinnamidopropyltrimonium chloride is a quaternary ammonium compound primarily used as a conditioning agent in hair and skin care products. It functions as a surfactant and antimicrobial agent, contributing to product stability and effectiveness.
Sustai Insights
Cinnamidopropyltrimonium chloride offers functional benefits as a conditioning agent and has low toxicity levels, making it suitable for various cosmetic applications. However, it poses potential health risks, including low levels of allergens and neurotoxicity. Environmentally, it does not significantly contribute to pollution or bioaccumulation. Regulatory agencies have set no critical advisories against it, and overall risk levels are assessed as medium. Safe usage practices should be followed, and alternatives such as plant-based conditioning agents could be considered.
Corn Starch, Modified
Low RiskModified corn starch is a calcium salt derived from corn starch, commonly used as a thickening agent or stabilizer in various cosmetic formulations. It enhances product texture and consistency without imparting significant color or odor.
Sustai Insights
Modified corn starch offers functional benefits as a thickener and stabilizer in cosmetic products, with low allergenic potential and minimal health risks, including low concerns for carcinogenicity and reproductive toxicity. Environmental risks appear low, with no significant pollutant potential or bioaccumulation identified. Regulatory status shows no major restrictions, though verified products must ensure compliance. Overall, the ingredient is assessed as low risk, suitable for use in various formulations, with no immediate alternatives necessary.
Stearalkonium Chloride
High RiskStearalkonium chloride is a quaternary ammonium compound commonly used as a conditioning agent in hair and skin care products. It functions primarily as an emulsifier and surfactant, helping to improve product texture and enhance moisture retention.
Sustai Insights
Stearalkonium chloride offers functional benefits as a conditioning agent and emulsifier. However, it carries a high concern for allergies and immunotoxicity, with restrictions noted in some regulatory frameworks. Potential health risks include skin irritation and respiratory issues, while environmental risks relate to its pollutant potential. Regulatory agencies have raised warnings about its use, leading to an overall high-risk assessment. Users should consider safer alternatives, especially in sensitive applications.
Phenylpropanol
Medium RiskPhenylpropanol is an organic compound commonly used in cosmetic formulations as a fragrance component and preservative. It serves to enhance product scent and stability while offering antimicrobial properties that help to prolong shelf life.
Sustai Insights
Phenylpropanol provides functional benefits such as effective preservation and scent enhancement in cosmetic products. However, it poses moderate health risks, including potential allergenic reactions, while being assessed as low risk for carcinogenicity and developmental toxicity. Environmental concerns include its classification as a pollutant, though it is not bioaccumulative. Regulatory bodies have not imposed significant restrictions, but safe use practices should be adhered to. Overall, it presents a medium risk profile, warranting consideration of safer alternatives where available.
Eucalyptus Globulus (Eucalyptus) Leaf Oil
Medium RiskEucalyptus globulus leaf oil is a volatile oil derived from the leaves of the eucalyptus tree, primarily used for its aromatic properties and as a potential antimicrobial agent in various products.
Sustai Insights
Eucalyptus globulus leaf oil offers functional benefits like fragrance and potential antimicrobial properties, supporting product efficacy. However, it presents high allergenic potential and moderate irritation concerns, which may pose health risks. Environmental risks include possible pollution and bioaccumulation. Regulatory restrictions are in place regarding its use in certain products. Overall, the risk level is medium, necessitating caution in usage and consideration of alternatives like tea tree oil or peppermint oil.
Juniperus Virginiana (Virginia Red Cedar) Oil
High RiskJuniperus virginiana oil is a volatile oil obtained from the Virginia red cedar tree. It is commonly used for its aromatic properties and may serve various functions in personal care products, such as providing fragrance or acting as a natural preservative.
Sustai Insights
Juniperus virginiana oil offers functional benefits as a natural fragrance and preservative; however, it carries a high potential for allergic reactions and immunotoxicity. Although it poses low risks for cancer and developmental toxicity, environmental concerns include its pollutant potential. Regulatory bodies, including the EU Cosmetics Directive and Environment Canada, do not currently impose significant restrictions. Overall, the risk associated with this ingredient is assessed as high, warranting caution in its use.
Juniperus Virginiana (Virginia Red Cedar) Oil
High RiskJuniperus virginiana oil is a volatile oil obtained from the Virginia red cedar tree. It is commonly used for its aromatic properties and may serve various functions in personal care products, such as providing fragrance or acting as a natural preservative.
Sustai Insights
Juniperus virginiana oil offers functional benefits as a natural fragrance and preservative; however, it carries a high potential for allergic reactions and immunotoxicity. Although it poses low risks for cancer and developmental toxicity, environmental concerns include its pollutant potential. Regulatory bodies, including the EU Cosmetics Directive and Environment Canada, do not currently impose significant restrictions. Overall, the risk associated with this ingredient is assessed as high, warranting caution in its use.
Sodium Hyaluronate
Low RiskSodium hyaluronate is the sodium salt of hyaluronic acid, a naturally occurring polysaccharide in the body. It functions primarily as a humectant in cosmetic formulations, retaining moisture and enhancing skin hydration, contributing to the overall texture and appearance of products.
Sustai Insights
Sodium hyaluronate offers several functional benefits, including effective moisture retention and skin hydration. It is considered safe with low concerns regarding carcinogenicity, allergies, or reproductive toxicity. Environmentally, it is not classified as a pollutant or bioaccumulative. Regulatory bodies do not impose significant restrictions on its use. Overall, it is assessed as low risk, making it a favorable ingredient in cosmetic formulations.
Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Oil
Medium RiskRosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) leaf oil is extracted from the leaves of the rosemary plant. It is commonly used in cosmetic and personal care products for its aromatic properties and potential preservative benefits due to its antioxidant content.
Sustai Insights
Rosemary leaf oil offers functional benefits such as antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, which can enhance product stability. It is derived from a renewable source and is biodegradable. However, it presents moderate risks of allergic reactions and skin irritation, particularly with enhanced skin absorption. Regulatory bodies have noted restrictions on its usage in specific concentrations. The overall risk level is assessed as medium. Users are advised to follow safe usage practices and may consider alternatives like tocopherols or other natural preservatives.
Pogostemon Cablin (Patchouli) Oil
High RiskPogostemon cablin (patchouli) oil is a volatile oil obtained from the leaves of the patchouli plant. It is commonly used in cosmetic formulations for its fragrance and potential skin benefits.
Sustai Insights
Pogostemon cablin oil offers functional benefits as a fragrance and potential antimicrobial agent. However, it is associated with a high risk of allergenic reactions and may cause skin irritation. Regulatory agencies have noted restrictions on its use in certain products. Environmentally, it poses risks as a potential pollutant. Overall, the ingredient is assessed to have a high risk level, and caution is advised in its use, with consideration for alternatives that may be safer or more sustainable.
Litsea Cubeba (May Chang) Oil
Medium RiskLitsea cubeba (May Chang) oil is a volatile oil derived from the fruit of the Litsea cubeba plant, commonly used for its aromatic properties and as a natural fragrance in cosmetic and personal care products.
Sustai Insights
Litsea cubeba oil offers functional benefits, primarily as a natural fragrance and potential antimicrobial agent. It is sustainably sourced and biodegradable. However, it poses moderate allergy risks and may cause skin irritation in sensitive individuals. Environmental concerns include potential pollutant effects and bioaccumulation. Regulatory bodies have noted restrictions on its use in specific products. Overall, the risk associated with Litsea cubeba oil is assessed as medium, necessitating cautious usage and consideration of safer alternatives when possible.
Magnesium Sulfate
Low RiskMagnesium sulfate (Epsom salt) is an inorganic compound commonly used in various products for its properties as a drying agent, electrolyte, and muscle relaxant. It is often included in bath salts and personal care formulations to provide soothing effects.
Sustai Insights
Magnesium sulfate is effective as a muscle relaxant and is considered biodegradable, making it a sustainable choice. Health risks are minimal, with low concerns for carcinogenicity, allergenic potential, or reproductive toxicity. Environmental risks are also low, as it does not contribute significantly to pollution or bioaccumulation. Regulatory bodies have not issued significant warnings. Overall, the ingredient is assessed as low risk, with safe usage practices recommended, and it has few documented alternatives.
Citrus Aurantifolia (Lime) Oil
Medium RiskCitrus aurantifolia (lime) oil is a volatile oil extracted from the fruit of the lime tree, primarily used for its aromatic properties and as a flavoring agent. It serves functional roles in various products, including personal care and food items.
Sustai Insights
Citrus aurantifolia (lime) oil offers functional benefits such as fragrance and possible antimicrobial effects, and is biodegradable, contributing to sustainability. However, it carries a high allergenic potential, moderate usage restrictions, and may cause skin irritation. Environmental concerns include its persistence and bioaccumulation risk. Regulatory bodies have placed restrictions on its use, indicating a moderate risk level overall. Safe usage practices are recommended, and alternatives like other essential oils or synthetic fragrances may be considered for those with sensitivities.
Prunus Amygdalus Dulcis (Sweet Almond) Seed Extract
Low RiskPrunus amygdalus dulcis (sweet almond) seed extract is derived from the seeds of the sweet almond tree. It serves as a moisturizer and emollient in cosmetic formulations, enhancing skin hydration and providing a smooth texture. This ingredient is commonly utilized for its soothing properties and compatibility with various skin types.
Sustai Insights
Sweet almond seed extract is valued for its moisturizing benefits, promoting skin hydration and softness. It is sustainably sourced and biodegradable, contributing positively to environmental considerations. Health risks are low, with minimal concerns regarding carcinogenicity, allergies, or reproductive toxicity. Regulatory assessments indicate no significant restrictions. Overall, it poses low risk to health and the environment, making it a suitable choice in personal care formulations.
Sodium Polyitaconate
Low RiskSodium polyitaconate is a synthetic polymer commonly used in cosmetic and personal care formulations. It serves as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer, contributing to the texture and consistency of products.
Sustai Insights
Sodium polyitaconate offers functional benefits such as effective thickening and stabilization in various formulations while posing low health risks like carcinogenicity, allergenic potential, and immunotoxicity. Environmental risks are minimal, and regulatory bodies have not issued any significant restrictions. Overall, the ingredient presents a low risk, with no major health or environmental concerns, making it a viable option in product formulations. Safe usage practices should be followed, and alternatives are available for those seeking different formulations.
Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Extract
Medium RiskRosemary leaf extract is produced from the leaves of the Rosmarinus officinalis plant. It is commonly used in cosmetic formulations for its potential antioxidant properties and fragrance. The extract may also contribute to the preservation of products due to its antimicrobial characteristics.
Sustai Insights
Rosemary leaf extract offers functional benefits such as antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, which can enhance product stability and shelf-life. It is generally considered low risk for carcinogenicity and reproductive toxicity, but it carries a moderate potential for allergic reactions. Environmentally, it poses low risk with no significant pollutant or bioaccumulation concerns. Regulatory bodies have not placed significant restrictions on its use, although some verified products cannot contain certain concentrations. Overall, the ingredient's risk level is medium, necessitating careful usage practices to mitigate allergic responses.
Keratin Amino Acids
Low RiskKeratin amino acids are a mixture of amino acids derived from keratin, a structural protein found in hair, skin, and nails. They function primarily as conditioning agents in cosmetic formulations, enhancing moisture retention and improving hair texture and strength.
Sustai Insights
Keratin amino acids are effective conditioning agents, enhancing moisture retention and improving the texture of hair. They are generally recognized as safe, with low concerns regarding carcinogenicity, allergies, and reproductive toxicity. Environmental impacts are minimal, and regulatory bodies impose no significant restrictions. Overall, the risk associated with keratin amino acids is low, making them a favorable choice in cosmetic formulations. For those seeking alternatives, plant-based proteins can serve similar functions.
Cetearyl Glucoside
Low RiskCetearyl glucoside is a surfactant and emulsifier derived from natural sources, commonly used in cosmetic and personal care products to stabilize formulations and enhance texture. It helps to blend oil and water-based ingredients, improving product consistency and application.
Sustai Insights
Cetearyl glucoside offers functional benefits as an effective emulsifier and surfactant, facilitating product stability. Its sustainability credentials are notable, as it is biodegradable and sourced from renewable materials. Health risks are generally low, with minimal concerns for irritation and allergies. Environmental impacts are also low, posing no significant pollution or bioaccumulation risks. Regulatory status remains positive with no major restrictions reported. Safe usage practices are advised, and alternatives such as plant-derived emulsifiers may be considered. Overall, the risk level associated with cetearyl glucoside is low.
Water
Low RiskWater is a clear, colorless liquid essential for various biological processes. It serves as a solvent in formulations, facilitating the dissolution of other ingredients and enhancing product texture and application. Additionally, water plays a crucial role in hydration and is a key component in many cosmetic and personal care products.
Sustai Insights
Water is an effective solvent and hydrator, contributing to the texture and efficacy of formulations. It is biodegradable and generally regarded as safe, with low concerns regarding carcinogenicity, allergies, and reproductive toxicity. However, excessive water usage can lead to environmental concerns, particularly regarding resource depletion. Regulatory bodies do not impose restrictions on water use in cosmetics. Overall, the risks associated with water are low, making it a safe and essential ingredient.
Glycerin
Medium RiskGlycerin (also called glycerol) is a naturally occurring compound commonly used in personal care and cosmetic products. It functions as a humectant, attracting moisture to the skin, and is also utilized as a solvent and emollient to enhance product texture and stability.
Sustai Insights
Glycerin is valued for its effective moisturizing properties and biodegradability, making it a widely accepted ingredient in formulations. It poses low health risks, including low concerns for carcinogenicity and allergies. However, moderate use restrictions exist due to regulatory guidelines. While glycerin does not significantly contribute to environmental pollution, its production process should be ethically sourced. Overall, glycerin holds a medium risk level, emphasizing the importance of safe usage practices and considering sustainable alternatives.
Limonene
Medium RiskLimonene is a scent ingredient and solvent naturally found in citrus fruits, commonly used in personal care and cleaning products for its fragrant properties. It serves as a flavoring agent and enhances the overall sensory experience of products.
Sustai Insights
Limonene offers functional benefits such as acting as a solvent and fragrance enhancer. However, it carries a high allergenic potential, which can trigger skin or respiratory sensitivities in some individuals. Environmental concerns include moderate persistence and bioaccumulation, along with potential ecotoxicity. Regulatory restrictions necessitate verification in products containing this ingredient. Overall, the risk level is assessed as medium, emphasizing the importance of cautious use, particularly for sensitive populations. Safer alternatives may be considered to mitigate these risks.
Linalool
High RiskLinalool is a terpene commonly found in various plants, particularly in lavender and mint. It is primarily used in products for its fragrance and potential antimicrobial properties. Linalool is also utilized in formulations for its ability to enhance the sensory experience of personal care and household products.
Sustai Insights
Linalool offers functional benefits as a naturally occurring fragrance component and may exhibit antimicrobial properties. However, it presents high allergenic potential, with concerns about skin irritation and sensitization. Environmental risks include contamination issues, though it is not classified as a persistent pollutant. Regulatory bodies have noted the need for careful handling due to its allergenic nature. Overall, despite some beneficial attributes, the ingredient carries a high risk profile, warranting cautious use and consideration of safer alternatives.
Fragrance
High RiskFragrance refers to a mixture of aromatic compounds used in products to provide scent. It is commonly listed as 'fragrance' or 'parfum' on product labels and can serve various functions, including enhancing user experience and masking undesirable odors.
Sustai Insights
Fragrance offers functional benefits by improving product appeal; however, it poses significant health risks, notably a high likelihood of causing allergies and allergic contact dermatitis. Environmental risks include potential pollution and endocrine disruption, though its overall carcinogenicity is low. Regulatory bodies have noted concerns regarding its use, leading to a high-risk classification. Safe usage practices should be observed, and alternatives such as natural essential oils are recommended for those sensitive to synthetic fragrances.
Panthenol
Low RiskPanthenol, a derivative of vitamin B5, is commonly used in cosmetic formulations for its moisturizing and skin-conditioning properties. It acts as a humectant, helping to retain moisture in the skin and hair, thereby improving hydration and texture.
Sustai Insights
Panthenol offers functional benefits such as effective hydration and skin conditioning, making it valuable in various cosmetic products. It is considered low risk regarding health impacts, with minimal concerns about carcinogenicity, allergies, or reproductive toxicity. Environmental risks are also low, with no significant pollutant or bioaccumulation potential. Regulatory bodies have not imposed restrictions on its use. Safe usage practices include adhering to recommended concentrations. Alternatives like glycerin may provide similar moisturizing benefits, but overall, panthenol is assessed as a low-risk ingredient.
Cetyl Alcohol
Low RiskCetyl alcohol is a long-chain organic alcohol commonly used in cosmetic formulations. It serves as an emollient, emulsifier, and thickening agent, enhancing the texture and stability of products. Cetyl alcohol is derived from natural sources, such as coconut or palm oil, and is often included in creams, lotions, and hair conditioners.
Sustai Insights
Cetyl alcohol offers functional benefits as an emollient and emulsifier, improving product texture and stability. It is biodegradable and sourced from renewable materials, contributing to sustainability. Health risks are minimal, with low concerns for carcinogenicity, allergies, or reproductive toxicity. Environmental impact is also low, with no significant pollutant or bioaccumulation potential. Regulatory bodies have not placed restrictions on its use, indicating a favorable safety profile. Overall, cetyl alcohol is assessed as low risk, and safe usage practices include ensuring proper formulation concentrations.
Caprylyl Glycol
Low RiskCaprylyl glycol (1,2-octanediol) is a multifunctional cosmetic ingredient primarily used as a skin-conditioning agent and preservative. It is derived from caprylic acid, a fatty acid found in coconut oil, and is commonly included in personal care products for its moisturizing properties.
Sustai Insights
Caprylyl glycol offers functional benefits such as acting as an effective humectant and preservative, enhancing skin hydration and product stability. It is considered to have low health risks, with no significant concerns regarding carcinogenicity, allergies, or reproductive toxicity. Environmentally, it poses minimal risks, being non-bioaccumulative and not linked to pollution. Regulatory assessments affirm its safety, with no major advisories against its use. Overall, the ingredient is assessed to have a low risk, making it a suitable choice in cosmetic formulations.
Cetearyl Alcohol
Low RiskCetearyl alcohol is a mixture of cetyl and stearyl alcohol, primarily used as an emulsifier and thickener in cosmetic formulations. It helps stabilize products, improve texture, and enhance moisturizing properties, making it common in creams and lotions.
Sustai Insights
Cetearyl alcohol offers functional benefits as an effective emulsifier and skin-conditioning agent, contributing to product stability and texture. It is generally recognized as safe, with low concerns for carcinogenicity, allergies, or reproductive toxicity. Environmental risks are minimal, as it is biodegradable and has low pollutant potential. Regulatory bodies have not imposed significant restrictions on its use. Overall, cetearyl alcohol is assessed to carry low risk, making it a suitable ingredient choice in cosmetic products.
Experience the beauty of healthy, defined curls with AG Care Curl Fresh Definer Silicone-Free Soft-Hold Styling Cream. This ultra-nourishing formula combines sweet almond extract and plant-based superfoods to enhance your curls while smoothing frizz, leaving your hair irresistibly soft and vibrant.
- Healthy, Defined Curls: This cream activates and defines curls while controlling frizz for a polished look.
- Ultra-Nourishing Formula: Rich in plant-based EFAs and nutrients, it penetrates deeply to replenish and hydrate each strand, ensuring luscious curls.
- Deliciously Scented: Enjoy a unique fragrance derived from bergamot oil and citrus terpenes, making hair care a delightful experience.
- Strengthens and Smooths: This vegan, silicone-free cream fortifies hair against breakage, smooths split ends, and eliminates frizz, perfect for wavy, curly, and coily textures.
- Naturally Derived Ingredients: Formulated without sulfates, gluten, and parabens, AG Care prioritizes your health and the environment, being cruelty-free and vegan-friendly.
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Recommended Products
Experience the beauty of healthy, defined curls with AG Care Curl Fresh Definer Silicone-Free Soft-Hold Styling Cream. This ultra-nourishing formula combines sweet almond extract and plant-based superfoods to enhance your curls while smoothing frizz, leaving your hair irresistibly soft and vibrant.
- Healthy, Defined Curls: This cream activates and defines curls while controlling frizz for a polished look.
- Ultra-Nourishing Formula: Rich in plant-based EFAs and nutrients, it penetrates deeply to replenish and hydrate each strand, ensuring luscious curls.
- Deliciously Scented: Enjoy a unique fragrance derived from bergamot oil and citrus terpenes, making hair care a delightful experience.
- Strengthens and Smooths: This vegan, silicone-free cream fortifies hair against breakage, smooths split ends, and eliminates frizz, perfect for wavy, curly, and coily textures.
- Naturally Derived Ingredients: Formulated without sulfates, gluten, and parabens, AG Care prioritizes your health and the environment, being cruelty-free and vegan-friendly.
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Customer Reviews
Customers’ View
Customers appreciate the effectiveness of the Hair Styling Cream, particularly its ability to define curls while maintaining a soft hold. Many users report that it enhances their natural curls without making them crunchy, with one noting, "It leaves my hair soft, manageable, and natural-looking." The lightweight formula is frequently praised for its moisturizing properties, making it suitable for various hair types. However, some customers have expressed concerns regarding the product's watery consistency and the value for money, stating that it feels too thin and not worth the price. Despite mixed reviews on the scent—some find it delightful while others find it overpowering—many value the product's clean, sulfate-free ingredients and its vegan and cruelty-free formulation. Overall, customers find this styling cream aligns well with their eco-friendly and health-conscious values, though improvements in consistency and packaging could enhance its appeal.
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