THORNE Multivitamin - Optimal Wellness, Essential Nutrients, Gluten-Free - 60 Capsules

Cyanocobalamin, commonly known as vitamin B12, is a water-soluble vitamin essential for red blood cell formation, neurological function, and DNA synthesis. It is utilized in dietary supplements and fortified foods to prevent or treat B12 deficiency, particularly in individuals with limited dietary intake or absorption issues.

Thiamin, also known as vitamin B1, is a water-soluble vitamin essential for carbohydrate metabolism and nerve function. It serves as a coenzyme in the conversion of food into energy and is important for maintaining healthy nerve cells and muscle function.

Cobinamide, a cobalt methyl derivative, serves primarily as a cofactor in enzymatic processes and is involved in the metabolism of certain compounds in the body. It is not currently associated with skin sensitization or common use restrictions.

Hydroxymethylcellulose is a synthetic polymer derived from cellulose, primarily used as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and film-forming agent in various personal care and cosmetic products. It enhances texture, stability, and moisture retention, making it suitable for use in creams, lotions, and gels.

Niacinamide, also known as nicotinamide, is a form of vitamin B3 (niacin) that serves various functions in skincare and cosmetic products. It is often used for its potential benefits in improving skin texture, enhancing moisture retention, and supporting the skin's barrier function.

Tocopherol, specifically d-alpha tocopherol, is a naturally occurring form of Vitamin E. It is commonly used in cosmetic and personal care products primarily for its antioxidant properties, helping to protect formulations from oxidation and extend shelf life.

Biotin, also known as vitamin B7, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a crucial role in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. It is commonly used in dietary supplements and cosmetic products to support healthy hair, skin, and nails, due to its involvement in keratin synthesis.

Selenium is a trace mineral essential for various bodily functions, including antioxidant activity and thyroid hormone metabolism. It is commonly found in dietary sources such as seafood, meat, and nuts. Selenium plays a role in immune function and may protect against oxidative stress.

Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin essential for various bodily functions, primarily known for its role in blood coagulation and bone metabolism. It exists in two main forms: K1 (phylloquinone) found in green leafy vegetables and K2 (menaquinone) found in fermented foods and animal products. It is commonly used in dietary supplements and food products.

Retinol (vitamin A) is a naturally occurring substance primarily known for its role in skin health, often included in products aimed at improving skin texture and reducing signs of aging. It functions as a potent ingredient in skincare formulations, enhancing cellular turnover and promoting collagen production.

Vitamin E succinate, also known as tocopheryl succinate, is an ester of tocopherol, commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its antioxidant properties. It functions primarily as a skin conditioning agent, enhancing the stability and absorption of topical formulations.

Magnesium is a mineral commonly found in various products, serving primarily as a nutrient that supports multiple biological functions, including muscle and nerve function, and energy production. It is often included in dietary supplements and fortified foods to address magnesium deficiency.

Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) is a naturally occurring antioxidant essential for various biological functions, including collagen synthesis and immune response. It is commonly used in cosmetic and food products for its preservative properties and ability to enhance skin brightness.

Manganese is a trace mineral essential for human health, playing a critical role in various biological processes, including metabolism, bone formation, and antioxidant defense. It is commonly found in dietary sources like nuts, seeds, and whole grains and is utilized in various industrial applications, including steel production and chemical manufacturing.

Cellulose is a natural polysaccharide derived from plant cell walls, primarily used as a thickening agent, stabilizer, and emulsifier in cosmetic formulations. It is known for its ability to improve texture and consistency in products.

Riboflavin, also known as Vitamin B2, is a water-soluble vitamin essential for energy production and cellular function. It plays a critical role in the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins, and is commonly used as a dietary supplement and food additive for its color and nutritional benefits.

Chromium is a metallic element that occurs naturally in several forms, primarily as trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) and hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)). It is often used in alloys and various industrial applications, including metal plating and pigment production. In consumer products, chromium may be utilized for its functional properties, such as enhancing durability and corrosion resistance.

Calcium pantothenate is a calcium salt of pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), commonly used as a dietary supplement and in cosmetic formulations. It serves as a conditioning agent, promoting skin hydration and improving product texture, thus enhancing the overall effectiveness of formulations.

Vitamin D3, also known as cholecalciferol, is a fat-soluble vitamin important for calcium metabolism and bone health. It is synthesized in the skin upon exposure to sunlight and is also found in some foods and supplements. Its primary function is to promote the absorption of calcium and phosphorus in the body.

Pyridoxine is a substituted aromatic compound, primarily known as vitamin B6. It plays a crucial role in various metabolic processes, including amino acid metabolism, neurotransmitter synthesis, and the production of hemoglobin.

Dicalcium phosphate is an inorganic salt commonly used as a dietary supplement and as a firming agent in various food products. It serves as a source of calcium and phosphorus, essential minerals for maintaining bone health and metabolic functions.

Tagetes erecta, commonly known as marigold, is a flowering plant used in various cosmetic formulations for its coloring properties and potential skin-soothing effects. It is often included in products for its aesthetic appeal and is recognized in the EU for its historical use.

Vitamin B3, also known as niacin or nicotinic acid, is an organic compound that plays a crucial role in various metabolic processes in the body. It is commonly used in cosmetic formulations for its ability to improve skin texture and enhance moisture retention, thereby contributing to overall skin health.

Lutein is a xanthophyll, a class of oxygen-containing carotenoids, primarily found in leafy green vegetables and other plant sources. It serves as an antioxidant in various products and is known for its role in eye health, particularly in protecting against light-induced damage.

Tagetes erecta (Aztec marigold) extract is derived from the flowers of the Tagetes erecta plant. It is commonly used in cosmetic formulations for its potential skin-soothing properties and as a colorant due to its vibrant hue.