Murad Essential-C Toner - Hydrating, Brightening Formula with Vitamins C & E - 6 Fl Oz

Zinc aspartate is a zinc salt of aspartic acid, commonly used in dietary supplements and personal care products. It serves as a source of zinc, an essential mineral, which plays a crucial role in various biological functions, including immune response and cellular metabolism.

Ascorbyl palmitate, also known as vitamin C palmitate, is a compound formed by the esterification of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and palmitic acid. It is primarily used in cosmetic and food products for its antioxidant properties and as a stabilizer for formulations containing fats and oils.

Threonine is an amino acid essential for protein synthesis in the body. It plays a role in various metabolic processes and is important for the production of collagen, elastin, and antibodies, contributing to overall health.

Serine is an amino acid that plays a crucial role in protein synthesis and is involved in various metabolic processes. It is commonly found in the body and is important for the production of neurotransmitters and other proteins.

Propyl gallate is an aromatic ester of propyl alcohol and gallic acid, primarily used as an antioxidant in food and cosmetic products to prevent rancidity and preserve freshness. It is commonly found in fats and oils, providing stability against oxidative degradation.

Rice amino acids are a mixture of amino acids derived from rice. They primarily function as conditioning agents in cosmetic products, contributing to skin hydration and improving the texture of formulations.

Proline is an amino acid that can exist in three forms: D, L, or DL. It is commonly found in protein-rich foods and is used in various products for its role in protein synthesis and as a functional ingredient in formulations.

Sorbitol (glucitol) is a type of sugar alcohol used primarily as a sweetener and humectant in various food and cosmetic products. It is known for its moisture-retaining properties and is often found in sugar-free foods and personal care formulations.

Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) is a naturally occurring antioxidant essential for various biological functions, including collagen synthesis and immune response. It is commonly used in cosmetic and food products for its preservative properties and ability to enhance skin brightness.

Dipotassium glycyrrhizate is a dipotassium salt derived from glycyrrhizin, which is obtained from licorice root. It is commonly used in cosmetic formulations for its soothing and moisturizing properties, often included in products aimed at sensitive skin to reduce irritation and redness.

Betaine is a zwitterion (inner salt) commonly used in personal care and cosmetic products. It functions primarily as a humectant, aiding in moisture retention, and can also act as a surfactant, contributing to the cleansing properties of formulations.

Glycine is a naturally occurring amino acid that plays a crucial role in the synthesis of proteins and is involved in various metabolic processes. It is often used in dietary supplements and food products for its potential health benefits, including promoting collagen synthesis and supporting nervous system function.

Lysine is an essential amino acid that plays a critical role in protein synthesis, hormone production, and calcium absorption. It is involved in the formation of collagen and contributes to immune function. Lysine is not produced by the body and must be obtained through dietary sources or supplements.

Citrus aurantium amara (bitter orange) flower extract is derived from the flowers of the bitter orange tree. It is commonly used in cosmetic formulations for fragrance and potential skin-conditioning properties. The extract is noted for its aromatic qualities and is often incorporated into perfumes and skincare products.

Glutamic acid is a naturally occurring amino acid that plays a vital role in various biological processes. It is commonly used in food products as a flavor enhancer and is integral to protein synthesis. It also functions as a neurotransmitter in the brain, facilitating communication between nerve cells.

Phospholipids are naturally occurring complex lipids that are essential components of cell membranes. They play a key role in maintaining cellular structure and function, and are commonly used in cosmetic formulations for their emulsifying and moisturizing properties.

Arginine is a naturally occurring amino acid that plays a critical role in various biological processes, including protein synthesis and the production of nitric oxide, which is important for vasodilation. It is commonly used in dietary supplements and functional foods.

PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil is a polyethylene glycol derivative of hydrogenated castor oil, commonly used as an emulsifier and surfactant in various cosmetic and personal care products. It helps to improve the texture and stability of formulations by facilitating the blending of oil and water-based ingredients.

PEG-12 Dimethicone is a synthetic polymer composed of polyethylene glycol and dimethicone. It functions primarily as a skin conditioning agent and emollient in cosmetic formulations, enhancing the texture and feel of products while providing moisture retention.

Alanine is a non-essential amino acid that plays a vital role in protein synthesis and energy production. It is commonly found in various food products and supplements, contributing to muscle metabolism and the immune system. Alanine is integral in the body's nitrogen balance and can be synthesized from other amino acids.

Hamamelis virginiana (witch hazel) water is an aqueous extract derived from the bark and leaves of the witch hazel plant. It is commonly used in cosmetic formulations for its astringent, soothing, and anti-inflammatory properties, primarily targeting skin care applications.

Sodium PCA is a derivative of naturally occurring amino acids and is primarily used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It acts as a humectant, attracting and retaining moisture in the skin, thereby enhancing hydration and improving skin texture.

Water is a clear, colorless liquid essential for various biological processes. It serves as a solvent in formulations, facilitating the dissolution of other ingredients and enhancing product texture and application. Additionally, water plays a crucial role in hydration and is a key component in many cosmetic and personal care products.

Butylene glycol (1,3-butanediol) is a small organic compound commonly used as a solvent, humectant, and skin-conditioning agent in cosmetic and personal care products. It facilitates the absorption of other ingredients and enhances the texture of formulations, contributing to product stability and efficacy.

Tocopheryl acetate is a chemical compound that serves primarily as a form of Vitamin E. It is used in cosmetic and personal care products for its antioxidant properties and to enhance skin stability and moisture.